Sahmino Academy
Money, Inflation & Purchasing Power
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Money provides a unit for quoting prices and settling payments at a stated date. Purchasing power compares that amount with the cost of a basket of goods and services; when the basket becomes dearer, unchanged money buys less.
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17 lessons
- 31
Equity Valuation
Valuation estimates a conditional value, not an executable price. An earnings multiple needs a sustainable earnings measure; price-to-sales also needs a margin story; asset-based NAV needs current asset values and liabilities.
2 min read - 32
Export vs Domestic Stocks
Currency exposure depends on revenue, input costs, debts and the rates actually used in settlement. An exporter is not automatically helped by every local-currency depreciation: imported inputs, lower world prices or collection restrictions can offset higher converted revenue.
2 min read - 33
Futures & Options
A futures contract creates obligations for a specified quantity, expiry and settlement method. Margin supports that obligation without paying the contract’s full value; adverse price changes can require additional funds to maintain an open position.
2 min read - 34
IME Deep-Dive
A commodity venue distinguishes physical delivery from certificates and derivatives. A physical offer needs product grade, unit, lot size, location, delivery and payment terms.
2 min read - 35
Central Bank Policy
Monetary policy changes the conditions under which money and credit circulate. Policy rates, liquidity operations and balance-sheet rules can affect funding costs, demand and expectations through different channels.
2 min read - 36
Budget & Markets
A budget combines expected government revenues, spending and financing for a stated period. A deficit is the gap between spending and revenues over that period, while debt measures the outstanding obligations at a particular date.
2 min read - 37
Sanctions Mechanics
Sanctions can affect counterparties, products, payment routes and access to services. Their economic channels include delays, added checks, financing costs and uncertainty.
2 min read - 38
Housing Cycles
A housing cycle combines prices, transaction volume, construction, rents and financing conditions. A rise in asking prices can coexist with fewer completed sales.
2 min read - 39
Steel & Materials Chain
The steel chain connects raw materials, reduction or scrap processing, steelmaking, casting and finished products. Different production routes consume different inputs and energy.
2 min read - 40
Intermarket Analysis
Intermarket analysis follows economic channels between assets. Local gold depends on global metal price, the selected FX rate and local premiums; an exporter links commodity prices with costs and settlement; housing responds to household income, finance and supply.
2 min read - 41
Portfolio Risk Management
Portfolio risk begins with goals, liabilities, time horizon and the ability to meet near-term cash needs. Stress scenarios vary prices, liquidity, currency and income together where economically related.
2 min read - 42
Global Macro & Iran
Global activity reaches Iran through commodity demand, export receipts, import costs, financing conditions and expectations. A Federal Reserve surprise can affect world rates and exchange rates, but domestic settlement and policy can strengthen, weaken or reverse the local transmission.
2 min read - 53
OPEC+: How Decisions Are Made
OPEC and participating non-OPEC producers announce production arrangements through dated meetings. A target, voluntary adjustment, actual output and export volume are different quantities.
2 min read - 54
When the Ounce Falls but the Coin Rises
A coin’s price can be decomposed into fine-gold value and a local premium. Fine-gold value changes with the global ounce quotation and the selected local FX rate; premium changes with local supply, demand and product conditions.
2 min read - 55
Secondary Sanctions, OFAC & FATF
OFAC sanctions and FATF standards have different legal and institutional roles. Sanctions programmes can restrict specified dealings and impose conditions; FATF recommendations concern anti-money-laundering and counter-terrorist-financing systems, with risk assessments influencing financial institutions’ checks.
2 min read - 56
Money Corridors: Hawala, Dirham & Tether
Cross-border settlement can involve banks, transfer intermediaries or digital-asset arrangements. A quotation and a ledger transfer do not by themselves establish final, accessible funds.
2 min read - 57
The Neighborhood's Markets
Neighbouring markets connect to Iran through trade, energy, freight, tourism, finance and settlement. The Persian Gulf, Iraq, the Caucasus and Central Asia have distinct currencies, institutions and product mixes; geographic proximity alone does not create one market.
2 min read