Sahmino Academy
Money, Inflation & Purchasing Power
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Money provides a unit for quoting prices and settling payments at a stated date. Purchasing power compares that amount with the cost of a basket of goods and services; when the basket becomes dearer, unchanged money buys less.
Start the courseIntermediate
22 lessons
- 16
TEDPIX vs Equal-Weight
An index measures a defined basket using a published weighting and return method. A size-weighted index gives larger constituents more influence; an equal-weighted index periodically gives members equal target weights.
2 min read - 17
EPS & P/E
The income statement reports a period; the balance sheet reports a date; the cash-flow statement explains cash movements. Earnings per share needs a profit definition and share-count basis.
2 min read - 18
Intro to Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis connects a business model to revenue, costs, cash generation and financing. Start with who pays the company, the volume sold and the realised price.
2 min read - 19
Intro to Technical Analysis
Technical analysis summarises price and volume history. A moving average smooths observations; it does not discover a guaranteed future price.
2 min read - 20
IPOs on TSE
An initial public offering brings shares to public investors. The offering notice specifies the instrument, price process, eligibility, dates and allocation.
2 min read - 21
Fixed Income & T-Bills
A bond specifies cash flows, payment dates and an issuer obligation. Some instruments pay coupons; a zero-coupon bill pays its face value at maturity.
2 min read - 22
Drivers of the Dollar
An exchange rate links two currencies, with a specific settlement method and market segment. Inflation, expected policy, trade flows and access to payments can influence it, but no single variable explains every move.
2 min read - 23
Pricing Iranian Gold
Start with the global quotation in US dollars per troy ounce of fine gold. Divide by 31.1034768 to obtain dollars per gram, multiply by the selected rial-per-dollar rate, then by fineness for the product.
2 min read - 24
Coin & FX Auctions
An auction allocates a specified supply according to announced bid and eligibility rules. An auction result is not necessarily the retail market price: product, settlement, delivery date and participant access can differ.
2 min read - 25
Gold Funds
A gold fund gives exposure through its actual portfolio, which may contain commodity certificates, derivatives, cash or other permitted holdings. Read the prospectus and current portfolio rather than assuming each unit is a redeemable gold bar.
2 min read - 26
Measuring Inflation
A consumer price index combines prices with expenditure weights and a stated base. Monthly inflation compares with the preceding month; year-on-year compares with the same month a year earlier; average annual inflation compares two twelve-month averages.
2 min read - 27
Money Supply
Monetary aggregates measure different kinds of money. The monetary base includes central-bank money such as currency and bank reserves; broader measures include deposits under their national definitions.
2 min read - 28
Cars as Quasi-Assets
A car provides transport and has a resale value. Even when its nominal price rises, age, mileage, maintenance and transaction costs affect its economic return.
2 min read - 29
Crypto Custody & Risks
Crypto custody determines who controls the credentials needed to transfer an asset. A hosted account creates exposure to the custodian; self-custody makes key and recovery security your responsibility.
2 min read - 30
Fees & Taxes
Costs include entry, holding and exit charges, spreads, custody and any applicable tax. Some charges use traded value, others a fixed amount or asset balance.
2 min read - 46
The US Dollar Index (DXY)
The ICE US Dollar Index measures the dollar against a fixed six-currency basket using geometric weights. It is neither a complete trade-weighted dollar measure nor a quote against the Iranian rial.
2 min read - 47
How a Fed Decision Reaches the Toman
A Federal Reserve decision affects market expectations about future policy, rather than only the announced rate today. An expected decision can produce little price movement; a surprise in the statement or projected path can matter more.
2 min read - 48
Iraq’s FX Settlement and Iran’s Market
Iraq’s FX system must be described with current institutional dates. The Central Bank of Iraq announced on 1 January 2025 that external transfers had fully moved to correspondent-bank arrangements after the earlier electronic platform.
2 min read - 49
The UAE Dirham: Trade Gateway & Hawala
The UAE dirham operates within a US-dollar peg framework. That anchor does not remove charges, buying-selling spreads or access differences for a particular transfer.
2 min read - 50
The Turkish Lira: a Neighbor's Economy
The Turkish lira is a neighbouring currency, not a substitute for the dollar or a direct measure of Iranian prices. Inflation, expected policy, external financing and domestic demand influence its value through changing channels.
2 min read - 51
Global & Regional Equity Indices
Equity indices can cover a country, exchange, sector or selected large companies. Inclusion and weighting rules define what each measures.
2 min read - 52
China's Yuan & Iran's Oil
China’s demand, industrial activity and energy imports can affect global commodities. A dated country analysis explains the observed period, not a permanent share of Iran’s exports or a guarantee that every cargo settles in yuan.
2 min read